Thunderbolt 5 port and controller faults
The M4 generation moved the 16-inch to Thunderbolt 5, which runs at considerably higher signalling rates than Thunderbolt 4 and is less tolerant of a marginal connector. A port that charges reliably but drops high-bandwidth displays, negotiates a lower rate than it should, or fails intermittently under sustained load may have a connector fault, a controller fault, or a board-level problem. Testing the same cable and device across all three ports separates a single failed port from the shared controller.
